1 Summary of the balance years 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 (preliminary)
Mass balance values for the observation periods will be reported from more than 130 glaciers worldwide. The mass balance statistics (Table 1) are calculated based on all reported values and on available data from the 40 reference glaciers with continued observation series of more than 30 years. In addition, preliminary mass balance values are given for 2019/20 for some glaciers. The average mass balance of the glaciers with available long-term observation series around the world continues to be negative. The new data continues the global trend in strong ice loss over the past few decades and brings the cumulative average thickness loss of the reference glaciers since 1980 at almost 20 m w.e. The current status of glaciers worldwide is summarized here. All so far reported mass balance values, given in Table 2, are tentative.
Table 1: Overview on mass balance data 2017/18, 2018/19 and preliminary values for 2019/20. Statistics are given for all reported glaciers (ALL) and for the available ‘reference’ glaciers with continuous long-term observation series (REF).
| 2017/18 | 2018/19 | 2019/20 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL | REF | ALL | REF | REF | ||
| Mean annual mass balance (mm w.e.) | -1004 | -1202 | -1057 | -1239 | -622 | |
| Minimum value (mm w.e.) | -3592 | -3592 | -4982 | -3160 | -2430 | |
| Maximum value (mm w.e.) | +1308 | +440 | +788 | +788 | +1608 | |
| Standard deviation (mm w.e.) | 828 | 842 | 838 | 873 | 849 | |
| Number of positive/reported balances | 19/166 | 5/40 | 9/153 | 1/37 | 5/34 |
Under the following links you find more information about the reference glaciers, the mass-balance datasets, and detailed assessments of global glacier mass changes.
2 Mass balance data
Table 2: Reported mass balance values of the observation period 2017/18, 2018/19 as well as *preliminary values for 2019/20. Principal investigators are listed for submitted data of 2018/19.
| Name | MB18 | MB19 | *MB20 | investigator/sponsoring agency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [mm w.e.] | ||||
| Antarctica | ||||
| Bahia del Diablo | -130 | -40 | -400 | S. Marinsek, J.L. Seco, E. Ermolin (IAA-DG) |
| Hurd | -560 | +190 | F. Navarro and colleagues (UPM/ETSIT) | |
| Johnsons | -80 | +550 | F. Navarro and colleagues (UPM/ETSIT) | |
| Argentina | ||||
| Agua Negra | -873 | -163 | -1264 | P. Pitte, H. Gargantini, and colleagues (IANIGLA-CONICET) |
| Azufre | -2602 | -3308 | P. Pitte, L. Zalazar, and colleagues (IANIGLA-CONICET) | |
| Brown Superior | -1511 | -956 | G. Cabrera and colleagues (IANIGLA) | |
| Conconta Norte | -2458 | -1162 | G. Cabrera and colleagues (IANIGLA) | |
| De Los Tres | -914 | -535 | P. Pitte, L. Ferri Hidalgo, and colleagues (IANIGLA-CONICET) | |
| Los Amarillos | +248 | -1485 | G. Cabrera and colleagues (IANIGLA) | |
| Martial Este | -225 | -494 | -400 | R. Iturraspe and colleagues (Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego) |
| Austria | ||||
| Goldbergkees | -1697 | -845 | -1100 | B. Hynek and colleagues (ZAMG) |
| Halstaetter Gletscher | -1853 | -554 | -1440 | K. Helfricht, K. Reingruber and colleagues (Energie AG/Land OÖ) |
| Hintereisferner | -1963 | -680 | -970 | R. Prinz and colleagues (ACINN) |
| Jamtalferner | -2276 | -1237 | -1675 | A. Fischer and colleagues (HD/LT) |
| Kesselwandferner | -1619 | -337 | -522 | R. Prinz and colleagues (ACINN) |
| Kleinfleisskees | -1377 | -723 | -750 | B. Hynek and colleagues (ZAMG) |
| Pasterze | -1420 | -1100 | -1200 | B. Hynek, A. Neureiter and colleagues (ZAMG) |
| Seekarlesferner | -1510 | -832 | -731 | M. Strudl |
| Stubacher Sonnblickkees | -1507 | -699 | -627 | B. Zagel and colleagues (Z_GIS) |
| Venedigerkees | -1045 | -505 | -392 | B. Seiser and colleagues (HD/LS) |
| Vernagtferner | -1419 | -929 | -820 | C. Mayer and colleagues (CGGBAS) |
| Wurtenkees | -1957 | -1232 | S. Reisenhofer and colleagues (ZAMG) | |
| Zettalunitz/Mullwitz | -1239 | -611 | -393 | M. Stocker-Waldhuber and colleagues (HD/LT, NP Hohe Tauern) |
| Bolivia | ||||
| Charquini Sur | -25 | A. Soruco and colleagues (IGEMA) | ||
| Zongo | +284 | A. Soruco and colleagues (IGEMA) | ||
| Buthan | ||||
| Thana | -2784 | P. Tshering and colleagues (RGoB) | ||
| Canada | ||||
| Conrad | -600 | B. Pelto and colleagues (CBT) | ||
| Devon Ice Cap NW | +46 | -521 | -500 | D.O. Burgess and colleagues (GSC) |
| Helm | -1410 | -1990 | M. Ednie and colleagues (NRCan) | |
| Illecillewaet | -1046 | -710 | B. Pelto and colleagues (CBT) | |
| Kokanee | -306 | -1006 | B. Pelto and colleagues (CBT) | |
| Meighen Ice Cap | +199 | -826 | -800 | D.O. Burgess and colleagues (GSC) |
| Melville South Ice Cap | +221 | n.a. | D.O. Burgess and colleagues (GSC) | |
| Nordic | -490 | B. Pelto and colleagues (CBT) | ||
| Peyto | -1020 | M. Ednie and colleagues (NRCan) | ||
| Place | -1560 | -1730 | M. Ednie and colleagues (NRCan) | |
| White | +8 | L. Thomson and colleagues (QU/DGP,Uottawa/DG) | ||
| Zillmer | -760 | B. Pelto and colleagues (CBT) | ||
| Chile | ||||
| Amarillo | +893 | -2632 | G. Cabrera and colleagues (IANIGLA) | |
| Echaurren Norte | -3592 | -2246 | -2430 | F. Buglio, J. Huenante, G. Casassa (DGA) |
| Mocho Choshuenco SE | -272 | -889 | -800 | M. Schaefer and colleagues (UACH) |
| China | ||||
| Urumqi Glacier No.1 | -711 | -272 | -668 | H. Li and colleagues (CAREERI/CAS) |
| - East Branch | -817 | -348 | H. Li and colleagues (CAREERI/CAS) | |
| - West Branch | -521 | -136 | H. Li and colleagues (CAREERI/CAS) | |
| Parlung (Glacier No. 94) | -1469 | S. Li, W. Yang, and colleagues (ITPR/CAS) | ||
| Colombia | ||||
| Conejeras | -3411 | -4982 | Jorge Luis Ceballos and colleagues (IDEAM) | |
| Ritacuba Blanco | +656 | +384 | Jorge Luis Ceballos and colleagues (IDEAM) | |
| Ecuador | ||||
| Antizana 15 Alpha | -277 | -1047 | -600 | B. Caceres and colleagues (INAMHI) |
| France | ||||
| Argentìere | -1408 | -1428 | -1000 | D. Six and C. Vincent (CNRS) |
| Gebroulaz | -1240 | -1660 | D. Six and C. Vincent (CNRS) | |
| Ossoue | -910 | -2630 | P. René and colleagues (Association Moraine) | |
| Saint Sorlin | -2020 | -2880 | D. Six and C. Vincent (CNRS) | |
| Sarennes | -1960 | -3140 | -100 | E. Thibert and colleagues (IRSTEA) |
| Greenland | ||||
| Freya | +1308 | -750 | B. Hynek and colleagues (ZAMG) | |
| Mittivakkat | -360 | -1640 | N.T. Knudsen and colleagues (NTK) | |
| Qasigiannguit | -332 | -1772 | K. Langley, J. Abermann, and colleagues (GEM/ASIAQ) | |
| Iceland | ||||
| Bruarjökull | +62 | -304 | -778 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| Dyngjujökull | +76 | -379 | +216 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| Eyabakkajökull | -390 | -728 | -778 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| Hofsjökull E | +340 | -1570 | -680 | Th. Thorsteinsson and colleagues (VEDUR) |
| Hofsjökull N | +240 | -1320 | -390 | Th. Thorsteinsson and colleagues (VEDUR) |
| Hofsjökull SW | +850 | -920 | -80 | Th. Thorsteinsson and colleagues (VEDUR) |
| Köldukvislarjökull | +323 | -1507 | -151 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| Langjökull Ice Cap | -39 | -2230 | -564 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| Tungnarjökull | -320 | -1914 | -774 | F. Pálsson (UIS), A. Gunnarsson (NPC/IS) and colleagues |
| India | ||||
| Bara Shigri | -820 | +380 | P. Sharma and colleagues (NCPOR) | |
| Batal | -540 | +50 | P. Sharma and colleagues (NCPOR) | |
| Chhota Shigri | -400 | +537 | A.L. Ramanathan and colleagues (JNU) | |
| Gepang Gath | -1510 | +250 | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |
| Pensilungpa | -560 | M. Mehta and colleagues (WIHG) | ||
| Samudra Tapu | -1560 | -220 | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |
| Stok | -630 | -10 | A.L. Ramanathan and colleagues (JNU) | |
| Sutri Dhaka | -1340 | +210 | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |
| Italy | ||||
| Campo Settentrionale | -1325 | -1192 | R. Scotti and colleagues (SGL) | |
| Careser | -1981 | -1432 | -1371 | L. Carturan (TeSAF/UNIPD), Mauro Gaddo (MeteoTrentino), and colleagues |
| Ciardoney | -1450 | -1650 | L. Mercalli, D. Cat Berro and colleagues (SMI) | |
| Grand Etret | -1488 | -292 | -333 | A. Rossotto and colleagues (PNGP) |
| La Mare (southern branch) | -1185 | -1052 | L. Carturan and colleagues (TeSAF/UNIPD) | |
| Lupo | -1751 | -379 | R. Scotti and colleagues (SGL) | |
| Malavalle/Übeltalferner | -1789 | -945 | G. Franchi, G. Rossi and colleagues (UI/HA) | |
| Pendente/Hangender Ferner | -2229 | -1048 | G. Franchi, G. Rossi and colleagues (UI/HA) | |
| Ries Occ. (Vedr. di) / Rieserf. Westl. | -1365 | -1140 | R. Dinale, A. Di Lullo and colleagues (AHS/APB) | |
| Suretta Meridionale | -2441 | -144 | R. Scotti and colleagues (SGL) | |
| Timorion | -1069 | -1326 | U. Morra di Cella and colleagues (ARPA-VDA) | |
| Japan | ||||
| Hamaguri Yuki | -1790 | K. Fujita and K. Fukui (GSES-NU, TCSM) | ||
| Kazakhstan | ||||
| Ts. Tuyuksuyskiy | -75 | -580 | -287 | N.E. Kassatkin and colleagues (IGNANKaz) |
| Kyrgyzstan | ||||
| Abramov | +56 | -660 | +124 | M. Barandun and colleagues (DGUF & Kyrgyz Hydromet & CAIAG) |
| Batysh Sook/ Syek Zapadnyi | -743 | -1048 | +4 | R. Kenzhebaev and colleagues (CAIAG & DGUF) |
| Bordu | -870 | -960 | -70 | V. Popovnin (MGU), B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, R. Satylkanov (TShMRC) |
| Glacier No. 354 (Akshiirak) | -491 | -916 | -35 | R. Kenzhebaev and colleagues (CAIAG & DGUF) |
| Glacier No. 599 (Kjungei Ala-Too) | -278 | -433 | +15 | E. Azizov and colleagues (CAIAG) |
| Golubin | -50 | -78 | +213 | E. Azizov and colleagues (CAIAG & DGUF) |
| Karabatkak | -810 | -540 | -240 | V. Popovnin (MGU), B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, R. Satylkanov (TShMRC) |
| Sary-Tor | -540 | -850 | -10 | V. Popovnin (MGU), B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, R. Satylkanov (TShMRC) |
| Turgen-Aksuu | -567 | Rasul-Akhun Baikhadzhaev and colleagues (FMI & Kyrgyz Hydromet) | ||
| Nepal | ||||
| Changri Nup West | -2100 | -1690 | P. Wagnon and colleagues (IRD) | |
| Mera | -920 | -900 | P. Wagnon and colleagues (IRD) | |
| Pokalde | -1290 | -1120 | P. Wagnon and colleagues (IRD) | |
| Rikha Samba | -345 | -351 | T. Gurung and colleagues (ICIMOD) | |
| Yala | -1542 | -1285 | S. Joshi and colleagues (ICIMOD) | |
| New Zealand | ||||
| Brewster | -2217 | -1333 | B. Anderson and colleagues (ARC & DGUO) | |
| Rolleston | -1761 | -1964 | -649 | T. Kerr, H. Purdie and colleagues (Rainfall.NZ Ltd & UCant) |
| Norway | ||||
| Aalfotbreen | -2036 | -2439 | +959 | B. Kjøllmoen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Austdalsbreeen | -1531 | -1209 | H. Elvehøy and colleagues (NVE) | |
| Engabreen | -1629 | +788 | +1170 | H. Elvehøy and colleagues (NVE)) |
| Graasubreen | -1819 | -1690 | -900 | L. M. Andreassen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Hansebreen | -2651 | -3014 | B. Kjøllmoen and colleagues (NVE) | |
| Hellstugubreen | -1630 | -1873 | -600 | L. M. Andreassen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Langfjordjoekelen | -2129 | -383 | -20 | B. Kjøllmoen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Nigardsbreen | -852 | -266 | +1608 | B. Kjøllmoen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Remebesdalsskaaka | -1274 | -771 | +707 | H. Elvehøy and colleagues (NVE) |
| Storbreen | -1969 | -1519 | 0 | L. M. Andreassen and colleagues (NVE) |
| Svelgjabreen | B. Kjøllmoen and colleagues (NVE) | |||
| Peru | ||||
| Artesonraju | -792 | -1285 | A. Cochachin and colleagues (ANA) | |
| Yanamarey | -360 | -895 | A. Cochachin and colleagues (ANA) | |
| Russia | ||||
| Djankuat | +440 | -120 | -1020 | V. Popovnin, A. Gubanov and colleagues (MSU) |
| Garabashi | -888 | -834 | -1427 | S. Kutuzov and colleagues (IGRAS) |
| Leviy Aktru | -425 | -947 | S. Kutuzov (MSU), A. Erofeev (TSU) and colleagues | |
| Maliy Aktru | ||||
| No. 125 (Vodopadniy) | ||||
| Spain | ||||
| Maladeta | +257 | -1582 | -212 | G. Cobos Campos and colleagues (UPV) |
| Svalbard/Jan Mayen | ||||
| Austre Broeggerbreen | -880 | -710 | -1740 | J. Kohler and colleagues (NPOLAR) |
| Austre Gronfjordbreen | -1407 | -1514 | N. Elagina, R. Chernov, and colleagues (IGRAS) | |
| Austre Lovenbreen | -810 | E. Bernard and colleagues (CNRS - Univ. Franche Comté) | ||
| Hansbreen | -631 | -483 | B. Luks and colleagues (PAS) | |
| Irenebreen | -1498 | -1186 | I. Sobota and colleagues (NCPS) | |
| Kongsvegen | -210 | -470 | -1130 | J. Kohler and colleagues (NPOLAR) |
| Kronebreen/Holtedahlfonna | -10 | J. Kohler and colleagues (NPOLAR) (balances excl. calving) | ||
| Midtre Lovenbreen | -770 | -560 | -1590 | J. Kohler and colleagues (NPOLAR) |
| Nordenskioeldbreen | -305 | -107 | W. van Pelt and colleagues (Uppsala Univ., Utrecht Univ.) | |
| Svenbreen | -830 | J. Malecki and colleagues (AMU) | ||
| Waldemarbreen | -1743 | -1061 | I. Sobota and colleagues (NCPS) | |
| Werenskioldbreen | -750 | D. Ignatiuk, M. Laska and colleagues (US/FES) | ||
| Sweden | ||||
| Marmaglaciaeren | -1370 | -910 | C. Helanow and colleagues (Tarfala Research Station) | |
| Rabots Glaciaer | -1590 | -650 | -310 | C. Helanow and colleagues (Tarfala Research Station) |
| Riukojietna | -1400 | -610 | -530 | C. Helanow and colleagues (Tarfala Research Station) |
| Storglaciaeren | -1600 | -310 | -140 | C. Helanow and colleagues (Tarfala Research Station) |
| Tarfalaglaciaeren | ||||
| Switzerland | ||||
| Adler | -458 | -831 | M. Huss, N. Salzmann, A. Linsbauer and colleagues (DGUF, GIUZ) | |
| Allalin | -801 | -559 | -395 | A. Bauder, M. Huss and colleagues (VAW) |
| Basodino | -1440 | -331 | G. Kappenberger and colleagues | |
| Clariden | -1480 | -1007 | U. Steinegger and colleagues (VAW) (balance incl est. for dry calving) |
|
| Corbassiere | -922 | -887 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) | |
| Corvatsch-S | -1832 | -2083 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Findelen | -723 | -244 | M. Huss, N. Salzmann, A. Linsbauer and colleagues (DGUF, GIUZ) | |
| Gietro | -664 | -1318 | -439 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) |
| Gries | -2045 | -865 | -1218 | M. Funk, A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW)) |
| Hohlaub | -623 | -1118 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) | |
| Murtel | -1233 | -1299 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Pizol | -1847 | -827 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF, VAW) | |
| Plaine Morte | -2101 | -1769 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Rhone | -1000 | -773 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) | |
| Sankt Anna | -1077 | -345 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Schwarzbach | -1838 | -162 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Schwarzberg | -903 | -776 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) | |
| Sex Rouge | -1658 | -1890 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Silvretta | -1389 | -1457 | -915 | A. Bauder and colleagues (VAW) |
| Tsanfleuron | -2492 | -1482 | M. Huss and colleagues (DGUF) | |
| Tajikistan | ||||
| Zulmart | -262 | A. Kayumov and colleagues (NAS-TJ) | ||
| USA | ||||
| Blue | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Columbia (2057) | -630 | -1870 | -892 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Daniels | -680 | -1650 | -380 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Easton | -500 | -1700 | -633 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Eel | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Emmons | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Foss | ||||
| Gulkana | -380 | -1460 | -280 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Ice Worm | -750 | -2050 | -620 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Lemon Creek | -2520 | -3160 | -1020 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Lower Curtis | -820 | -1440 | -810 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Lynch | -640 | -1700 | -580 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Nisqually | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Noisy Creek | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| North Klawatti | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Rainbow | -530 | -1180 | -441 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Sandalee | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Sholes | -820 | -1970 | -1960 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |
| Silver | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| South Cascade | -680 | -2050 | -60 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Sperry | +90 | -2000 | -390 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Taku | -1360 | -2270 | -180 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Wolverine | -1860 | -1530 | -1860 | C. Florentine, L. Sass and colleagues (USGS) |
| Yawning | -480 | -1760 | M. Pelto and colleagues (NCGCP) |