1 Summary of the balance years 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2021/22
Mass balance values for the observation periods will be reported from more than 130 glaciers worldwide. The mass balance statistics (Table 1) are calculated based on all reported values and on available data from the 40 reference glaciers with continued observation series of more than 30 years. In addition, mass balance values are given for 2021/22 for some glaciers. The average mass balance of the glaciers with available long-term observation series around the world continues to be negative. The latest data continues the global trend in strong ice loss over the past few decades and brings the cumulative average thickness loss of the reference glaciers since 1980 at almost 20 m w.e. The current status of glaciers worldwide is summarized here. All so far reported mass balance values, given in Table 2, are tentative.
Table 1: Overview on mass balance data 2019/20, 2020/21 and 2021/22. Statistics are given for all reported glaciers (ALL) and for the available ‘reference’ glaciers with continuous long-term observation series (REF).
| 2019/20 | 2020/21 | 2021/22 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL | REF | ALL | REF | REF | ||
| Mean annual mass balance (mm w.e.) | -744 | -643 | -823 | -953 | -1572 | |
| Minimum value (mm w.e.) | -5245 | -2430 | -3070 | -3070 | -4260 | |
| Maximum value (mm w.e.) | +1651 | +1651 | +1029 | -70 | +800 | |
| Standard deviation (mm w.e.) | 831 | 807 | 674 | 632 | 1310 | |
| Number of positive/reported balances | 14/153 | 5/42 | 8/142 | 0/37 | 3/33 |
Under the following links you find more information about the reference glaciers, the mass-balance datasets, and detailed assessments of global glacier mass changes.
2 Mass balance data
Table 2: Reported mass balance values of the observation period 2019/20, 2020/21 as well as values for 2021/22. Principal investigators are listed for submitted data of 2020/21.
| Name | MB20 | MB21 | MB22 | investigator/sponsoring agency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | ||||
| Pir Yahk | A.A. Sajood, H. Arian (Kabul Univ.) | |||
| Antarctica | ||||
| Bahia del Diablo | -400 | -740 | -291 | S. Marinsek, J.L. Seco, E. Ermolin (IAA-DG) |
| Hurd | -1180 | -180 | F. Navarro (AEI/MICINN) | |
| Johnsons | -800 | 210 | F. Navarro (AEI/MICINN) | |
| Argentina | ||||
| Agua Negra | -1264 | P. Pitte, H. Gargantini (IANIGLA-CONICET) | ||
| Azufre | P. Pitte, L. Zalazar (IANIGLA-CONICET) | |||
| Brown Superior | -3826 | -1106 | -2026 | G. Cabrera (IANIGLA-CONICET) |
| Conconta Norte | -2887 | -962 | -1834 | G. Cabrera (IANIGLA-CONICET) |
| De Los Tres | -535 | P. Pitte, L. Ferri Hidalgo (IANIGLA-CONICET) | ||
| Los Amarillos | G. Cabrera (IANIGLA-CONICET) | |||
| Martial Este | -692 | -1133 | -480 | R. Iturraspe (UNTDF), S. Camargo (GTF), J. Strelin (IAA-UNC) |
| Austria | ||||
| Goldbergkees | -1093 | -504 | -2800 | B. Hynek, A. Neureiter (Geosphere Austria) |
| Halstaetter Gletscher | -1440 | -1228 | -2602 | K. Helfricht, K. Reingruber (EnergieAG/Land OÖ) |
| Hintereisferner | -970 | -668 | -3319 | R. Prinz (ACINN) |
| Jamtalferner | -1675 | -1000 | -3630 | A. Fischer, L. Hartl (HD/LT) |
| Kesselwandferner | -522 | -183 | -2800 | R. Prinz (ACINN) |
| Kleinfleisskees | -738 | -291 | -2700 | B. Hynek, A. Neureiter (Geosphere Austria) |
| Pasterze | -1011 | -740 | -2300 | A. Neureiter (Geosphere Austria) |
| Seekarlesferner | -731 | -650 | -3289 | M. Strudl |
| Stubacher Sonnblickkees | -627 | -688 | -3417 | B. Zagel, H. Wiesenegger, H. Slupetzky (HD/LS) |
| Venedigerkees | -392 | -248 | -2208 | B. Seiser (HD/LS) |
| Vernagtferner | -824 | -593 | -3249 | C. Mayer (GGBAS) |
| Wurtenkees | -1342 | -458 | -3596 | S. Reisenhofer (Geosphere Austria) |
| Zettalunitz/Mullwitz | -393 | -446 | -2449 | M. Stocker-Waldhuber (HD/LT) |
| Bolivia | ||||
| Charquini Sur | -600 | +117 | A. Soruco, A. Rabatel, J. Sicart, T. Condom, P. Ginot (UMSA, IGE, UG/IRD) | |
| Zongo | +370 | +119 | A. Soruco, A. Rabatel, J. Sicart, T. Condom, P. Ginot (UMSA, IGE, UG/IRD) | |
| Bhutan | ||||
| Thana | -2784 | -1699 | T. Tshering, N. Wangchuk, N. Tsheten (RGoB) | |
| Canada | ||||
| Athabasca | -1533 | -895 | M. Ednie (NRCan) | |
| Bologna | -257 | M. Ednie (NRCan) | ||
| Conrad | B. Pelto (CBT) | |||
| Devon Ice Cap NW | -647 | -5 | -576 | D.O. Burgess (NRCan) |
| Helm | -1470 | -3070 | -1002 | M. Ednie (NRCan) |
| Illecillewaet | B. Pelto (Parks Canada) | |||
| Kokanee | -91 | -1922 | -80 | B. Pelto (BC-Parks) |
| Meighen Ice Cap | -726 | -131 | -762 | D.O. Burgess (NRCan) |
| Melville South Ice Cap | -807 | +122 | -1075 | D.O. Burgess (NRCan) |
| Nordic | B. Pelto (CBT) | |||
| Peyto | -474 | -1925 | -848 | M. Ednie (NRCan) |
| Place | -1650 | -2379 | -870 | M. Ednie (NRCan) |
| White | -552 | -107 | -472 | L. Thomson (DGP/QU) |
| Zillmer | B. Pelto (CBT) | |||
| Chile | ||||
| Amarillo | G. Cabrera (IANIGLA-CONICET) | |||
| Echaurren Norte | -2430 | -700 | -1161 | A. Espinoza, A. Segovia, J. Huenante, D. Carrión, P. Puga, J. Hernández, G. Casassa (DGA) |
| Mocho Choshuenco SE | -800 | -1615 | M. Schaefer, J.L. Rodriguez, J. Berkhoff (UACH) | |
| China | ||||
| Parlung (Glacier No. 94) | -1489 | -2065 | S. Li, W. Yang (ITPR/CAS) | |
| Urumqi Glacier No.1 | -230 | -829 | -1251 | H. Li, Z. Li (CAREERI/CAS) |
| - East Branch | -310 | -824 | -1315 | H. Li, Z. Li (CAREERI/CAS) |
| - West Branch | -89 | -837 | -1134 | H. Li (CAREERI/CAS) |
| Colombia | ||||
| Conejeras | -5245 | -2742 | J.L. Ceballos Lievano, A. Ospina (IDEAM) | |
| Ritacuba Blanco | +367 | J.L. Ceballos Lievano, F. Rojas (IDEAM) | ||
| Ecuador | ||||
| Antizana 15 Alpha | -600 | -930 | -840 | B.E. Cáceres Correa (INAMHI) |
| France | ||||
| Argentìere | -1030 | -370 | -3800 | D. Six, C. Vincent (UGA/CNRS) |
| Blanc | E. Thibert, M. Bonnefoy (INRAE) | |||
| Gebroulaz | -430 | -1000 | -2550 | D. Six, C. Vincent C. (UGA/CNRS) |
| Ossoue | -1510 | -2220 | -4060 | P. René (Association Moraine) |
| Saint Sorlin | -1140 | -1390 | -3810 | D. Six, C. Vincent (UGA/CNRS) |
| Sarennes | -100 | -70 | -4260 | E. Thibert, M. Bonnefoy (INRAE) |
| Tre la Tete | -1350 | -210 | -4560 | L. Moreau (CNRS/EDYTEM) |
| Greenland | ||||
| Freya | -510 | -900 | -700 | B. Hynek (Geosphere Austria, GRS/UG) |
| Mittivakkat | -1390 | -1720 | -1450 | N.T. Knudsen, S. Mernild, S. de Villiers (DESA, NERSC, HVL) |
| Qasigiannguit | -643 | -265 | -26 | K. Langley (GEM/ASIAQ) |
| Iceland | ||||
| Bruarjökull | -175 | -840 | +344 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| Dyngjujökull | +216 | -710 | +422 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| Eyabakkajökull | -778 | -1477 | -359 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| Hofsjökull E | -680 | -800 | -190 | Þ. Þorsteinsson (VEDUR) |
| Hofsjökull N | -390 | -1410 | +280 | Þ. Þorsteinsson (VEDUR) |
| Hofsjökull SW | -80 | -480 | +460 | Þ. Þorsteinsson (VEDUR) |
| Köldukvislarjökull | -151 | -1322 | +386 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| Langjökull Ice Cap | -564 | -1790 | -50 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| Tungnarjökull | -774 | -1611 | -1355 | F. Pálsson, A. Gunnarsson (IES, NPC) |
| India | ||||
| Bara Shigri | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |||
| Batal | -160 | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | ||
| Chhota Shigri | -1475 | Mohd. Farooq Azam (IITI) | ||
| Hoksar | -1440 | -1530 | S.A. Ramshoo & colleagues (Kashmir University/KU) | |
| Kolahoi | -1390 | -1678 | S.A. Ramshoo & colleagues (Kashmir University/KU) | |
| Gepang Gath | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |||
| Pensilungpa | M. Mehta (WIHG) | |||
| Samudra Tapu | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | |||
| Stok | A.L. Ramanathan (JNU) | |||
| Sutri Dhaka | -230 | P. Sharma (NCPOR) | ||
| Italy | ||||
| Calderone | -496 | M. Pecci and colleagues (IMONT) | ||
| Campo Settentrionale | -226 | -350 | -3130 | R. Scotti, D. Colombarolli, A. Bera (SGL) |
| Careser | -1371 | -950 | -3965 | L. Carturan, M. Gaddo (TeSAF/UPa, MeteoTrentino) |
| Ciardoney | -780 | -1330 | -4000 | L. Mercalli, D. Cat Berro (SMI) |
| Grand Etret | -333 | -1715 | -3662 | A. Rossotto (PNGP) |
| La Mare (southern branch) | -392 | -64 | L. Carturan (TeSAF/UPa) | |
| Lupo | -421 | -211 | -4000 | R. Scotti, R. Porta, M. Oreggioni, M. Manni (SGL) |
| Malavalle/Übeltalferner | -574 | -420 | -3174 | G. Franchi (UI/HA) |
| Pendente/Hangender Ferner | -1896 | -1200 | -3493 | G. Franchi (UI/HA) |
| Ries Occ. (Vedr. di) / Rieserf. Westl. | +14 | -202 | -2487 | R. Dinale, A. Di Lullo (UI/HA) |
| Suretta Meridionale | -1323 | -737 | -3564 | R. Scotti, P. Gallo, F. Villa (SGL) |
| Timorion | -695 | U. Morra di Cella (ARPA) | ||
| Japan | ||||
| Hamaguri Yuki | -1636 | +1029 | +40 | K. Fujita, K. Fukui (NU) |
| Kazakhstan | ||||
| Ts. Tuyuksuyskiy | -287 | -609 | -1130 | N.E. Kasatkin (IGNANKaz) |
| Kyrgyzstan | ||||
| Abramov | +124 | -1296 | -762 | S. Belekov, E. Mattea, M. Barandun, E. Azisov, R. Kenzhebaev (DGUF, KyrgyzHydromet, CAIAG) |
| Batysh Sook/ Syek Zapadnyi | +4 | -362 | -941 | R. Kenzhebaev, R. Usubaliev, E. Azisov, M. Hoelzle (CAIAG, DGUF) |
| Bordu | -70 | -650 | -1270 | V. Popovnin, R. Satylkanov, B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, (MSU, TshMRC) |
| Glacier No. 354 (Akshiirak) | -35 | -1100 | -753 | R. Kenzhebaev, R. Usubaliev, E. Azisov, M. Hoelzle (CAIAG, DGUF) |
| Glacier No. 599 (Kjungei Ala-Too) | +15 | -352 | -1458 | E. Azisov, R. Usubaliev, R. Kenzhebaev, M. Esenaman uulu (CAIAG) |
| Golubin | +213 | - 194 | -1050 | E. Azisov,R. Kenzhebaev, M. Esenamanov, R. Usubaliev, M. Barandun, T. Saks, M. Hoelzle (CAIAG, DGUF) |
| Karabatkak | -240 | -490 | -810 | V. Popovnin, R. Satylkanov, B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, (MSU, TshMRC) |
| Sary-Tor | -10 | -410 | -1270 | V. Popovnin, R. Satylkanov, B. Ermenbayev, D. Sayakpayev, (MSU, TshMRC) |
| Turgen-Aksuu | -343 | -847 | -1055 | S. Belekov, A. Ajikeev, T. Musaev (KyrgyzHydromet) |
| Nepal | ||||
| Changri Nup West | -830 | -350 | -2500 | P. Wagnon (UG/IRD) |
| Mera | -490 | +290 | -850 | P. Wagnon (UG/IRD) |
| Pokalde | -970 | -150 | -840 | P. Wagnon (UG/IRD) |
| Rikha Samba | -218 | -218 | n.a. | T. Gurung, S. Joshi, D. Stumm (ICIMOD) |
| Yala | -865 | +477 | -1065 | S. Joshi, T. Gurung, D. Stumm (ICIMOD) |
| New Zealand | ||||
| Brewster | -1454 | +178 | -1125 | B. Anderson, N. Cullen, P. Sirguey (ARC, DG/UO) |
| Rolleston | -649 | -993 | -1065 | T. Kerr, H. Purdie (UCant) |
| Norway | ||||
| Aalfotbreen | +1003 | -1707 | -550 | B. Kjøllmoen (NVE) |
| Austdalsbreeen | +801 | -1775 | -50 | H. Elvehøy (NVE) |
| Engabreen | +1170 | -500 | +150 | H. Elvehøy (NVE) |
| Graasubreen | -643 | -1541 | L.M. Andreassen (NVE) | |
| Hansebreen | +486 | -2335 | -1050 | B. Kjøllmoen (NVE) |
| Hellstugubreen | -436 | -1279 | L.M. Andreassen (NVE) | |
| Langfjordjoekelen | -19 | -195 | -1900 | B. Kjøllmoen (NVE) |
| Nigardsbreen | +1651 | -566 | +800 | B. Kjøllmoen (NVE) |
| Remebesdalsskaaka | +637 | -1529 | +100 | H. Elvehøy (NVE) |
| Storbreen | -46 | -1672 | L.M. Andreassen (NVE) | |
| Svelgjabreen | B. Kjøllmoen (NVE) | |||
| Peru | ||||
| Artesonraju | A. Cochachin Rapre (ANA) | |||
| Yanamarey | A. Cochachin Rapre (ANA) | |||
| Russian Federation | ||||
| Djankuat | -1370 | -170 | -590 | V. Popovnin, A. Gubanov (MSU, RFBR) |
| Garabashi | -1427 | -502 | -1153 | S. Kutuzov, A. Smirnov, G. Nosenko, O. Rototayeva, I. Lavrentiev, S. Nikitin (IG/RAS) |
| Leviy Aktru | -947 | -531 | -603 | S. Kutuzov, A. Erofeev, A. Smirnov (IG/RAS, DG/TSU) |
| Maliy Aktru | ||||
| No. 125 (Vodopadniy) | ||||
| Spain | ||||
| Maladeta | -212 | -1939 | -3017 | G. Cobos Campos (UPV) |
| Svalbard/Jan Mayen | ||||
| Austre Broeggerbreen | -1744 | -600 | -1393 | J. Kohler (NPOLAR) |
| Austre Lovenbreen | E. Bernard, M. Griselin, F. Tolle, J. Friedt (ThéMA/CNRS) | |||
| Groenfjord E | -1965 | -1680 | N. Elagina, R. Chernov (IG/RAS) | |
| Hansbreen | -725 | L. Bartlomiej (PAS) | ||
| Irenebreen | -2204 | -745 | I. Sobota (PRC/FES) | |
| Kongsvegen | -1081 | -160 | -968 | J. Kohler (NPOLAR) |
| Kronebreen/Holtedahlfonna | -1133 | +30 | -809 | J. Kohler (NPOLAR) (balances excl. calving) |
| Midtre Lovenbreen | -1574 | -540 | -1239 | J. Kohler (NPOLAR) |
| Nordenskioeldbreen | -122 | W. van Pelt (DES/UU) | ||
| Svenbreen | J. Malecki (AMU) | |||
| Waldemarbreen | -2276 | -947 | I. Sobota (PRC/FES) | |
| Werenskioldbreen | -1773 | D. Ignatiuk, M. Laska (FES/US) | ||
| Sweden | ||||
| Marmaglaciaeren | -1206 | -755 | -427 | N. Kirchner, J. Barnett, C. Helanow, P. Eriksson, Tarfala Research Station (NG/SU, SITES) |
| Rabots Glaciaer | -106 | -500 | -943 | N. Kirchner, J. Barnett, C. Helanow, P. Eriksson, Tarfala Research Station (NG/SU, SITES) |
| Riukojietna | -702 | -776 | -795 | N. Kirchner, J. Barnett, C. Helanow, P. Eriksson, Tarfala Research Station (NG/SU, SITES) |
| Storglaciaeren | +136 | -823 | -212 | N. Kirchner, J. Barnett, C. Helanow, P. Eriksson, Tarfala Research Station (NG/SU, SITES) |
| Tarfalaglaciaeren | ||||
| Switzerland | ||||
| Adler | -491 | -513 | M. Huss, N. Salzmann, A. Linsbauer (DGUF, GIUZ) | |
| Allalin | -395 | -452 | -2372 | A. Bauder (VAW) |
| Basodino | -539 | -439 | G. Kappenberger (VAW) | |
| Clariden | -750 | -408 | U. Steinegger (VAW) (balance incl est. for dry calving) |
|
| Corbassiere | -640 | -729 | A. Bauder (VAW) | |
| Corvatsch-S | -881 | -937 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Findelen | -250 | -531 | M. Huss, N. Salzmann, A. Linsbauer (DGUF, GIUZ) | |
| Gietro | -439 | -556 | -2724 | A. Bauder (VAW) |
| Gr. Aletsch | -1165 | -115 | A. Bauder, M. Huss (VAW) | |
| Gries | -1218 | -892 | -3645 | M. Huss (VAW) |
| Hohlaub | -174 | -183 | A. Bauder (VAW) | |
| Murtel | -311 | -372 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Oberaar | -300 | -3000 | S. Nussbaumer (GIUZ) | |
| Otemma | -1168 | -909 | M. Fischer (UBE) | |
| Pers | -591 | -525 | P. Huybrechts (VUB), M. Huss, A. Linsbauer (DGUF) | |
| Pizol | -1345 | -310 | M. Huss (DGUF, VAW) | |
| Plaine Morte | -1443 | -982 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Rhone | -686 | -102 | A. Bauder (VAW) | |
| Sankt Anna | -766 | -484 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Schwarzbach | -446 | -334 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Schwarzberg | -517 | -698 | A. Bauder (VAW) | |
| Sex Rouge | -1811 | -479 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Silvretta | -915 | -868 | -3188 | A. Bauder (VAW) |
| Tsanfleuron | -2263 | -607 | M. Huss (DGUF) | |
| Tajikistan | ||||
| Glacier No. 71 (Yakarcha) | +139 | A. Kayumov, F. Vosidov (CRG/NAST) | ||
| Glacier No. 457 | -353 | -437 | H. Navruzshoev (CRG/NAST) | |
| Glacier No. 676 | -98 | A. Kayumov (CRG/NAST) | ||
| Zulmart | -210 | -206 | -311 | A. Kayumov (CRG/NAST) |
| USA | ||||
| Blue | ||||
| Columbia (2057) | -892 | -866 | -861 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Daniels | -380 | -2150 | -1180 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Easton | -633 | -1562 | -1216 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Eel | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Emmons | M. Larrabee and colleagues (NCNP) | |||
| Gulkana | -190 | -770 | -1160 | C. Florentine, L. Sass (USGS) |
| Ice Worm | -620 | -1450 | -1260 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Lemon Creek | -950 | -540 | -680 | C. Florentine, L. Sass (USGS) |
| Lower Curtis | -810 | -1480 | -730 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Lynch | -580 | -2260 | -1360 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Rainbow | -441 | -945 | -751 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| Sholes | -1960 | -1720 | -1810 | M. Pelto (NCGCP) |
| South Cascade | -150 | -1210 | -1260 | C. Florentine, L. Sass (USGS) |
| Sperry | -370 | -2240 | -1010 | C. Florentine, L. Sass (USGS) |
| Taku | -180 | +30 | -180 | C. McNeil (USGS) |
| Wolverine | -1810 | -930 | -1180 | C. Florentine, L. Sass (USGS) |
| Yawning | M. Pelto (NCGCP) | |||
| Uzbekistan | ||||
| Barkrak Sredniy | -281 | -671 | -571 | G. Umirzakov & colleagues (Mininnovation of Uzbekistan) |